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Introduction
 
CYBORG
 
HYPERTEXT
 
VIRTUALITY
 
References
Acknowledgments
 
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CYBORG

James is cautiously interested in new media, such as photography, as an aspect of modernity. His suspicions of the effects of new media on the individual and culture might provide an historical precedent for present-day cautions against utopian enthusiasms for wired society. But why resort to the language of the cyborg in order to understand this particular aspect of his work? Isn't this over-reading and pandering to fashion?

The popularity of the idea of the cyborg might bring new readers to James, allied to promoting "In the Cage" as a canonical James tale.

The cyborg, as a socio-political idea, might be useful in understanding James's role as a cultural critic, for example in The American Scene.